{"id":180,"date":"2026-08-21T12:02:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T12:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=180"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:13:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T13:13:11","slug":"gen-bencildir-richard-dawkins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=180","title":{"rendered":"Gen Bencildir &#8211;  Richard Dawkins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QqifcCE3VaI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8220;D&uuml;nya &uuml;zerinde yaln\u0131zca biz insanlar, bencil genlerin zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131rabiliyoruz.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small; color: #000000;\"><em>&mdash;Gen Bencildir<\/em>&#8216;in son c&uuml;mlesi<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Richard Dawkins, 1976&#8217;da yay\u0131mlanan <strong>Gen Bencildir<\/strong>&nbsp;adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda &#8220;evrimin itici g&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml;n&nbsp;genler&nbsp;oldu\u011funu&#8221; s&ouml;yl&uuml;yordu. Bu s&ouml;ylem asl\u0131nda yeni olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d&ouml;nemde tart\u0131\u015fma yaratan g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; bir bak\u0131\u015f a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. &Ouml;yle ki sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe vb disiplinler yeri gelmi\u015f geneti\u011fi\/biyolojiyi hepten reddetmi\u015f, yeri gelmi\u015f tamamen ona sar\u0131larak insan\u0131 etkileyen di\u011fer etkenleri (k&uuml;lt&uuml;r gibi) g&ouml;zard\u0131 etmi\u015ftir. B&uuml;t&uuml;n kitab\u0131n yorum yaz\u0131s\u0131 olmayacak bu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ben de bu yaz\u0131ma bu &ouml;nemli konudan giri\u015f yapmak istiyorum. (Daha kapsaml\u0131 bir kitap yorumunu&nbsp;Focus dergisi <a href=\"http:\/\/www.focusdergisi.com.tr\/bilim\/00533\/\">\u015fu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda<\/a> g&uuml;zel bir \u015fekilde yapm\u0131\u015f.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Dawkins, Gen Bencildir&#8217;in son b&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;nde, genetik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;r aras\u0131ndaki paralelli\u011fe i\u015faret eder. Buras\u0131 bence kitab\u0131n en can al\u0131c\u0131 ve &ouml;zg&uuml;n k\u0131sm\u0131. Dawkins burada okuyucuyu bamba\u015fka bir d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;nce deneyine g&ouml;t&uuml;r&uuml;yor, sosyolojinin diyar\u0131na &ccedil;ekiyor. K&uuml;lt&uuml;r aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;<strong>&#8220;mem&#8221;<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>(meme)<\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi, ebeveynden &ccedil;ocuklara taklit yoluyla ge&ccedil;en &#8220;k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel genler&#8221; arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla oldu\u011funu varsaymam\u0131z\u0131 &ouml;neriyor. Bu ara bu &#8220;mem&#8221; dedi\u011fi kavram\u0131n tamamen bir metafor oldu\u011funu, gen gibi somut bir \u015feyden bahsetmedi\u011fini s\u0131k s\u0131k vurguluyor. Mem&#8217;i tan\u0131mlay\u0131p adland\u0131ran ki\u015fi olarak Richard Dawkins, art\u0131k g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde bir disiplin olma yolunda ilerleyen <strong>Memetik<\/strong>&nbsp;alan\u0131n\u0131n da kurucusu oluyor bu durumda. Ne de iyi etmi\u015f; b&ouml;yle bir terime ne kadar da ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z varm\u0131\u015f ki art\u0131k konu\u015fma diline bile ge&ccedil;meye ba\u015flad\u0131 bu kelime. \u0130ronik bir \u015fekilde, &#8220;mem&#8221; kelimesinin kendisi de yay\u0131lan bir mem haline geldi asl\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Terimi tek kullanan bizler de\u011filiz elbette. Bilim ve felsefe d&uuml;nyas\u0131 i&ccedil;in bu tan\u0131m art\u0131k vazge&ccedil;ilmez bir ara&ccedil;, bir kolayl\u0131k haline geldi. Daniel Dennett mem kavram\u0131n\u0131 bir&ccedil;ok yaz\u0131 ve s&ouml;yle\u015fisinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama bana g&ouml;re en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 &ouml;rnek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan al\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r (daha iyi -ve espirili- bir dille nas\u0131l anlat\u0131labilirdi bilemiyorum):<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><em>&#8220;Ge&ccedil;enlerde tek ba\u015f\u0131ma yolda y&uuml;r&uuml;rken, bir melodi m\u0131r\u0131ldanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 fark ettim ve kendimden utand\u0131m; deh\u015fete d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;m. M\u0131r\u0131ldand\u0131\u011f\u0131m melodi ne Haydn&rsquo;a, ne Brahms&rsquo;a, ne Charlie Parker&rsquo;a ve hatt&acirc; ne de Bob Dylan&rsquo;a aitti: Enerjik bir \u015fekilde, &ldquo;It Takes Two to Tango&rdquo; adl\u0131 \u015fark\u0131y\u0131 m\u0131r\u0131ldan\u0131yordum; 1950&rsquo;lerde tuhaf bir \u015fekilde pop&uuml;ler olan, i&ccedil; karart\u0131c\u0131 ve insan\u0131n diline yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan bir ezgiydi bu. Hayat\u0131mda bir g&uuml;n bile bu melodiyi kendi r\u0131zamla dinledi\u011fimi, ona de\u011fer verdi\u011fimi veya sessizlikten daha iyi oldu\u011funu d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;nd&uuml;\u011f&uuml;m&uuml; hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. Ama i\u015fte oradayd\u0131; korkun&ccedil; bir m&uuml;zik vir&uuml;s&uuml; gibi, mem havuzumun i&ccedil;inde sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fum di\u011fer m&uuml;zik memlerinin aras\u0131nda duruyordu. \u0130\u015fin fenas\u0131, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazarak vir&uuml;s&uuml; size de ge&ccedil;irmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131m ve gelecekte kendinizi bu s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 melodiyi hayat\u0131n\u0131zda belki de ilk kez m\u0131r\u0131ldan\u0131rken yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda bana lanet okuyacaks\u0131n\u0131z.&#8221; &nbsp;(Dennett &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"\/post\/2014\/02\/03\/Daniel_Dennett_Darwinin_Tehlikeli_Fikri\">Darwin&#8217;in Tehlikeli Fikri<\/a>)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Dawkins hep mesaj\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011finden endi\u015felendi. Bu endi\u015fesi de zamanla ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fti. Pek &ccedil;ok okur, Dawkins&#8217;in yarat\u0131c\u0131 &#8220;bencil genler taraf\u0131ndan programlanm\u0131\u015f robot&#8221; tan\u0131m\u0131ndan, insanlar\u0131n genlerin emirlerine hi&ccedil;bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131 gelemeyecekleri sonucunu &ccedil;\u0131kard\u0131. Her zaman d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;len hataya d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;ld&uuml; &ouml;zetle. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, bir yorumcu \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: <em>&#8220;Bu, insanlar hakk\u0131nda duydu\u011fum en so\u011fuk, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;\u015f.&#8221;<\/em> Bu sonu&ccedil;, asl\u0131nda Dawkins&#8217;in anlatmak istedi\u011finin tam tersiydi. <em>Gen Bencildir<\/em> y\u0131llar boyunca bilimsel ve ahlaki anlamda sald\u0131r\u0131lara u\u011frad\u0131.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; Uzun laf\u0131n k\u0131sas\u0131, &ouml;n yarg\u0131lara bakmadan ve hakikat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u015fa\u015fmadan herkesin okuyup kendi yorumu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Vaktiyle okudu\u011funda&nbsp;k&uuml;lt&uuml;re, cinselli\u011fe ve&nbsp;hayvanlara (&ouml;zellikle ku\u015flara!) bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti bu kitap.<\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;G&uuml;ncelleme <\/strong>(2014)&nbsp;: &nbsp;Zaman\u0131nda T&uuml;bitak taraf\u0131ndan terc&uuml;me edilip yay\u0131mlanan, ama T&uuml;bitak&rsquo;\u0131n T&uuml;bit-AK olmas\u0131ndan sonra yeni bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan bu kitap Temmuz 2014 itibariyle Kuzey Yay\u0131nlar\u0131&#8217;ndan<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kuzeyyayinlari.com\/bookdetail.asp?ri=99\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;&ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131.<\/a>&nbsp;Yay\u0131nevine tebrik ve te\u015fekk&uuml;rler!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;G&uuml;ncelleme&nbsp;<\/strong>(2015)&nbsp;:&nbsp;T&uuml;bitAK evrimi tamamen yasaklad\u0131. \u0130lgili haberi okumak i&ccedil;in&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/bilim-teknoloji\/tubitak-evrimi-yasakladi-haberi-66145\">t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/image.axd?picture=2015%2f11%2fbencilgenfelis.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">\u015eunlar da ilginizi &ccedil;ekebilir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"\/post\/2015\/06\/23\/Gen_Ceviktir_inceleme_felisagnosticus\">Matt Ridley &mdash; Gen &Ccedil;eviktir<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"\/post\/2014\/05\/03\/genomlarimizin-isiginda-primat-kokenimiz\">Genomlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda primat k&ouml;kenimiz<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Prof Dr. Andrew Berry&rsquo;nin <a href=\"\/post\/2014\/06\/16\/8_Aykut_Kence_Evrim_Konferans%C4%B1_Prof_Dr_Andrew_Berry\">sunumu<\/a>: Kim Oldu\u011fumuza Dair Yeni Bir Anlay\u0131\u015f: \u0130nsan\u0131n Evrimi ve \u0130nsan\u0131n Kimli\u011fi<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"\/post\/2012\/02\/13\/Denisova-insani-genomunun-tamami-tanimlandi\">Denisova insan\u0131 genomunun tamam\u0131 tan\u0131mland\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;D&uuml;nya &uuml;zerinde yaln\u0131zca biz insanlar, bencil genlerin zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131rabiliyoruz.&#8221; &mdash;Gen Bencildir&#8216;in son c&uuml;mlesi &nbsp; &nbsp;Richard Dawkins, 1976&#8217;da yay\u0131mlanan Gen Bencildir&nbsp;adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda &#8220;evrimin itici g&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml;n&nbsp;genler&nbsp;oldu\u011funu&#8221; s&ouml;yl&uuml;yordu. Bu s&ouml;ylem asl\u0131nda yeni olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d&ouml;nemde tart\u0131\u015fma yaratan g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; bir bak\u0131\u015f a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. &Ouml;yle ki sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe vb disiplinler yeri gelmi\u015f geneti\u011fi\/biyolojiyi hepten reddetmi\u015f, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=180"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":320,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180\/revisions\/320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}