{"id":207,"date":"2026-08-21T12:03:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T12:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=207"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:13:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T13:13:11","slug":"firlatma-yetenegimiz-ve-evrim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=207","title":{"rendered":"F\u0131rlatma yetene\u011fimiz ve evrim"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>F\u0131rlatma yetene\u011fimiz bizi nas\u0131l insan haline getirdi?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Darwin, insanlar\u0131n nesneleri f\u0131rlatma yetene\u011finin alt\u0131nda iki ayak &uuml;zerinde y&uuml;r&uuml;me (bipedalizm) &ouml;zelli\u011finin yat\u0131yor olabilece\u011fini &ouml;ng&ouml;rm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;. En yak\u0131n akrabam\u0131z olan \u015fempanzeler de dahil olmak &uuml;zere bir&ccedil;ok primat t&uuml;r&uuml;, ara s\u0131ra birtak\u0131m nesneleri f\u0131rlatabilir; fakat erkek &ccedil;ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bile nesneleri f\u0131rlatma h\u0131z\u0131 ve isabeti ile boy &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;\u015femezler. George Washington &Uuml;niversitesi bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Neil Roach ve ekibi, bu &ouml;zg&uuml;n yetene\u011fin evrimini daha iyi anlayabilmek i&ccedil;in &uuml;niversitenin beysbol oyuncular\u0131 &uuml;zerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yaparak f\u0131rlatma kabiliyetinin biyomekani\u011fini inceledi. Bu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu&ccedil;lar\u0131 <em>Nature<\/em> dergisinin <em>27 Haziran 2013<\/em>&nbsp;tarihli say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131nda yer alarak yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/image.axd?picture=\/nature.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/image.axd?picture=\/ss.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Elbette f\u0131rlatma yetene\u011fimiz atalar\u0131m\u0131z top oynayabilsin diye evrilmedi. Roach ve ekibi, bilgisayar oyunlar\u0131nda ve animasyon filmlerindekine benzeyen &uuml;&ccedil; boyutlu bir kamera sistemi kullanarak, &uuml;niversite tak\u0131m\u0131ndaki beysbol oyuncular\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131rlatma hareketlerini kaydetti. Omuz kaslar\u0131, f\u0131rlatma eylemi i&ccedil;in gereken enerjinin ancak yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 &uuml;retiyor. Geriye kalan g&uuml;c&uuml;n b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise omuz ve di\u011fer b&ouml;lgelerde enerjiyi muhafaza eden ve h\u0131zla serbest b\u0131rakan bir d&uuml;zenekten ileri geliyor. Bulgulara g&ouml;re insanlar\u0131n &uuml;st bedeninde meydana gelen adaptasyonlar (uyarlan\u0131mlar), omuzdaki elastik enerjiyi muhafaza etmemize ve a&ccedil;\u0131\u011fa &ccedil;\u0131karmam\u0131za imkan veriyor; t\u0131pk\u0131 bir manc\u0131n\u0131k gibi. Bu enerji korunumunu sa\u011flayan kilit morfolojik adaptasyonlar\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131, hominin fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda muhafaza edilmi\u015f durumda. Bu fosilleri inceleyen ekip, nesneleri y&uuml;ksek h\u0131zla f\u0131rlatmaya yarayan ve hominin atalar\u0131m\u0131zda evrilen g&ouml;vde, omuz ve koldaki belirli baz\u0131 anatomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n ilk kez 2 milyon y\u0131l &ouml;nce <em>Homo erectus<\/em>&rsquo;ta g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml;n&uuml; ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kard\u0131. Bu yap\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 4-2 milyon y\u0131l &ouml;nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan <em>australopithecus&#8217;<\/em>larda da g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;yor, fakat tak\u0131m\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n g&ouml;r&uuml;lmesi 2 milyon y\u0131l &ouml;ncesine denk geliyor. <em>Homo erectus<\/em> ile ba\u015flayan f\u0131rlatma yetene\u011finin atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n avlanma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda ve y&ouml;ntemlerinde, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da evrimimizde hayati &ouml;nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ouml;ne s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;yor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/image.axd?picture=2013%2f7%2fthrowing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"305\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Dr. Roach: <span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">&ldquo;<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u015eempanzeler &ccedil;ok g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; ve atletiktir, fakat buna ra\u011fmen erkek \u015fempanzeler bir nesneyi saatte ancak 32 km&rsquo;lik bir h\u0131zla f\u0131rlatabilir. Bu h\u0131z 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir erkek beysbol oyuncusunun f\u0131rlatma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sadece &uuml;&ccedil;te biridir &hellip; Biz insanlar nesneleri f\u0131rlat\u0131rken, &ouml;nce nesneyi tutan kolumuzu hedefin ters y&ouml;n&uuml;nde, geriye do\u011fru &ccedil;eviririz. Bu &lsquo;kol-kurma&rsquo; devresinde omuzlarda yer alan tendon ve ligamentler esnetilir ve elastik enerji muhafaza edilmi\u015f olur. Bu enerji sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, kolun ileri do\u011fru h\u0131zlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve insan bedeninin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ortaya &ccedil;\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur. B&ouml;ylece &ccedil;ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir at\u0131\u015f olu\u015fur. Nesneleri f\u0131rlatma yetene\u011finin ilk avlanma davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminde &ouml;nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;n&uuml;yoruz. B&ouml;ylece atalar\u0131m\u0131z b&uuml;y&uuml;k avlar\u0131 &ccedil;ok daha etkili ve g&uuml;venli bir \u015fekilde yakalayabilmi\u015ftir. Kalorisi y&uuml;ksek olan et ve ya\u011f i&ccedil;erikli bir beslenme d&uuml;zeni de beyin hacmindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 m&uuml;mk&uuml;n k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d&uuml;nyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b&ouml;lgelerine g&ouml;&ccedil; etmelerine imkan tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olabilir.<strong><span style=\"font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">&rdquo;<\/span><\/strong><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Jq6dCFCMGq4\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Bir f\u0131rlatma aparat\u0131na tak\u0131larak kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f aletlerden yap\u0131lma silahlar arkeolojik kay\u0131tlarda olduk&ccedil;a yenidir. Bu nedenle ekibin bir sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu, atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu yak\u0131n zamanl\u0131 aletleri kullanmaya ba\u015flamadan evvel hangi silahlar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu bulmak. Tercih ettikleri silahlar nelerdi? Ta\u015flar m\u0131? Ucu sivriltilmi\u015f tahta m\u0131zraklar m\u0131? Yoksa bamba\u015fka bir \u015fey mi? Bu konudaki &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Bu yaz\u0131 26.06.2013&rsquo;te <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2013\/06\/130626142710.htm\">ScienceDaily<\/a>&nbsp;<\/em>ve <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/baseball-players-reveal-how-humans-evolved-to-throw-so-well-1.13281\">Nature.com<\/a><\/em> sitelerinde yay\u0131mlanan bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Kaynak makale:&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Neil T. Roach, Madhusudhan Venkadesan, Michael J. Rainbow, Daniel E. Lieberman,&nbsp;<em>Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Nature<\/em>, 2013; 498 (7455): 483 DOI:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12267\" target=\"_blank\">10.1038\/nature12267<\/a><\/span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u015eunlar da ilginizi &ccedil;ekebilir:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/post\/2011\/11\/15\/iki-ayak-uzerinde-dik-yurumemiz-bizi-omurga-kiriklarina-yatkin-hale-getirmistir\">Bipedalizm t&uuml;r&uuml;m&uuml;z&uuml; omurga k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131na yatk\u0131n k\u0131ld\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/post\/2011\/04\/22\/en-eski-dis-agrisi\">En eski di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/post\/2011\/03\/14\/Evrim-atiklari\">Evrim art\u0131klar\u0131 (K&ouml;relmi\u015f yap\u0131lar)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>F\u0131rlatma yetene\u011fimiz bizi nas\u0131l insan haline getirdi? &nbsp; &nbsp;Darwin, insanlar\u0131n nesneleri f\u0131rlatma yetene\u011finin alt\u0131nda iki ayak &uuml;zerinde y&uuml;r&uuml;me (bipedalizm) &ouml;zelli\u011finin yat\u0131yor olabilece\u011fini &ouml;ng&ouml;rm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;. En yak\u0131n akrabam\u0131z olan \u015fempanzeler de dahil olmak &uuml;zere bir&ccedil;ok primat t&uuml;r&uuml;, ara s\u0131ra birtak\u0131m nesneleri f\u0131rlatabilir; fakat erkek &ccedil;ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bile nesneleri f\u0131rlatma h\u0131z\u0131 ve isabeti ile boy &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;\u015femezler. George Washington &Uuml;niversitesi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=207"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":316,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions\/316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}