{"id":258,"date":"2026-08-21T12:03:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T12:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=258"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:02:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T13:02:26","slug":"osmanlida-muhtesip-kavrami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/?p=258","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131&#8217;da &#8220;muhtesip&#8221;  kavram\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal; widows: 2; text-transform: none; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; border-collapse: separate; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 15px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">\u0130slam &uuml;lkelerinde ve&nbsp;elbette Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&rsquo;nde, &ldquo;<\/span><strong style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">hisbe<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&rdquo; denilen ve &ldquo;iyili\u011fi emretmek ve k&ouml;t&uuml;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml; yasaklamak&rdquo; anlam\u0131na gelen bir dinsel ilkeden hareketle ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan ve zaman i&ccedil;inde &#8220;muhtesip,&nbsp;ihtisap emini,&nbsp;ihtisap a\u011fas\u0131, ihtisap naz\u0131r\u0131&#8221; gibi isimlerle an\u0131lan&nbsp;bir g&ouml;revli vard\u0131. Bu ki\u015fi, padi\u015fah ferman\u0131yla atan\u0131rd\u0131 ve o g&uuml;n&uuml;n yarg\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lan kad\u0131ya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak onun emrinde &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.&nbsp;Devlet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenip muhtesip taraf\u0131ndan denetlenen<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal; widows: 2; text-transform: none; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; border-collapse: separate; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp;baz\u0131 yasaklar \u015funlard\u0131:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Hamamlarda masaj yapmak ve &ccedil;\u0131plak olmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Hamam duvarlar\u0131nda hayvan resmi bulundurmak.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Kafirlere (Hristiyan ve Yahudiler) nal\u0131n vermek ve M&uuml;sl&uuml;manlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 pe\u015ftemalleri kulland\u0131rmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Herkesin dinine, tarikat\u0131na, cinsiyetine, sosyal stat&uuml;s&uuml;ne ve mesle\u011fine g&ouml;re, renk,bi&ccedil;im, kuma\u015f&nbsp; ve deri cinsi itibariyle &ouml;nceden belirlenmi\u015f olan giysi ve ayakkab\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015feyler giyinip ku\u015fanmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve erkekleri ayn\u0131 kay\u0131kta ta\u015f\u0131mak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Gayrim&uuml;slimlerin evlerini M&uuml;sl&uuml;man evlerinden y&uuml;ksek yapmak; Yahudi evlerini mor, Rum evlerini koyu kur\u015funi ve Ermeni evlerini a&ccedil;\u0131k k&uuml;l rengi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda renklerle boyamak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">Esir pazar\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa sunulan&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #000000;\">k&ouml;lelerin<\/span>&nbsp;y&uuml;z&uuml;ne pudra, all\u0131k ve rast\u0131k vs s&uuml;r&uuml;p, onlar\u0131 daha gen&ccedil; ve g&uuml;zel g&ouml;stermek.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Halk\u0131 korkutmak yerine ona devaml\u0131 &uuml;mit vermek.*<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small;\">* Kaynak&ccedil;a&#8217;da verilen kitapta, muhtesibin&nbsp;camilerle ilgili vazifeleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:&nbsp;&ldquo;Halk\u0131 korkutma yerine devaml\u0131 olarak &uuml;mit veren (Allah&rsquo;\u0131n rahmetinin bol oldu\u011funu bildirerek k&ouml;t&uuml;l&uuml;\u011fe y&ouml;nelmesine sebep <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva;\">olan) vaiz de men olunur.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><em><span style=\"color: #993366;\">(\u0130nsanlara &uuml;mit vermenin cezas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r yani!)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;Bahsi ge&ccedil;en bu yasaklar, \u0130htisab kurumuna ait s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 birka&ccedil; &ouml;rnek olup, bu kurum ve yasaklar sadece Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde de\u011fil Abbasilerden itibaren t&uuml;m \u0130slam devletlerinde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fin ilgin&ccedil; yan\u0131, bu kurum Kuran-\u0131 kerime dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Muhammed d&ouml;neminde de D&ouml;rt Halife devrinde de, hatta ilk Arap \u0130slam devleti olan Emevilerde de uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Besbelli ki sonradan gelen h&uuml;k&uuml;mdar, sultan, \u015fah ve padi\u015fahlar\u0131n toplumu her bak\u0131mdan kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak i&ccedil;in uydurduklar\u0131 ve bunu da din kisvesi alt\u0131nda sunduklar\u0131 bir mutlak egemenlik vas\u0131tas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tarihsel veri, dinsel inan&ccedil;lar\u0131n iktidar u\u011fruna nas\u0131l &ccedil;arp\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve \u015fahsi &ccedil;\u0131karlara dayanak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g&uuml;zel bir &ouml;rnektir. Dahas\u0131, herhangi bir teokrasinin ba\u015fka dinlere ve hayat felsefelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan&nbsp;ve sek&uuml;lerizmin &ouml;nemini vurgulayan a&ccedil;\u0131k bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Kaynak&ccedil;a:&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Yrd. Do&ccedil;. Dr. Ziya Kaz\u0131c\u0131, 1987, \u0130stanbul, <em>Osmanl\u0131larda \u0130htisab M&uuml;essesesi.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Miftahu&rsquo;s-saade ve Misbabu&rsquo;s-siyade (Mevzuatu&rsquo;l &ndash; Ulum)&nbsp; I, sayfa 576-577,&nbsp;Yazan: Ta\u015fk&ouml;pr&uuml;zade Ahmed Efendi, Terc&uuml;me: Kemaleddin Mehmed Efendi, 1313, \u0130stanbul.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: small; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: left;\">* Kaynak kitap ve konuyla ilgili yorumlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in babam Muharrem K\u0131l\u0131&ccedil;&#8217;a te\u015fekk&uuml;r ederim.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0130slam &uuml;lkelerinde ve&nbsp;elbette Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&rsquo;nde, &ldquo;hisbe&rdquo; denilen ve &ldquo;iyili\u011fi emretmek ve k&ouml;t&uuml;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml; yasaklamak&rdquo; anlam\u0131na gelen bir dinsel ilkeden hareketle ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan ve zaman i&ccedil;inde &#8220;muhtesip,&nbsp;ihtisap emini,&nbsp;ihtisap a\u011fas\u0131, ihtisap naz\u0131r\u0131&#8221; gibi isimlerle an\u0131lan&nbsp;bir g&ouml;revli vard\u0131. Bu ki\u015fi, padi\u015fah ferman\u0131yla atan\u0131rd\u0131 ve o g&uuml;n&uuml;n yarg\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lan kad\u0131ya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak onun emrinde &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.&nbsp;Devlet taraf\u0131ndan belirlenip muhtesip taraf\u0131ndan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-din"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=258"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":276,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258\/revisions\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baharkilic.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}